Any of the following concepts and terms (as well as any not specifically listed, but indicated in these review questions) may be included on the first test in MUH 3633. Know these concepts and terms, including their (1) spelling, (2) pronunciation, and (3) definition (if appropriate).

In addition to your notes and the daily PowerPoint slides, remember that there are links on the course home page that provide explanations and even audio and video demonstrations of many of the terms and concepts listed below.

Chapter 4

1. What are some of the most important events that mark the history of African Americans in North American and United States through the US Civil War? (See the relevant PowerPoint slides and course web page.)
2. What were the geographic origins of most US slaves, i.e. from where were they brought, and what might this have meant in terms of the culture and heritage they brought to North America?

The African Roots of American Music

3. What are some of the General African Music Traits shared among African Americans? (See the relevant PowerPoint slides.)
4. What were patting juba, field hollers, and work songs, and how might they be representative of African music practices?
5. Know the music example "Carrie Belle" (LG 4.1). What are its primary sounding traits? What musical elements suggest that this is a work song? How does this piece reflect traits of African music-making?

Regional Differences in Antebellum Black Music Making

6. How did Northern blacks participate in Christian worship? What was the A.M.E. Church?
7. Who was Richard Allen, and how did he contribute to church music for African Americans in the early 19th century? What were some of the traits of his hymns?
8. Know the music example "Am I a Soldier of the Cross?" (LG 4.2). What are its primary sounding traits? How does this piece reflect traits of African music-making? How does this piece differ from a Whaite setting of the same text? (See the link via the PowerPoint slide.)
9. What sorts of work did free black musicians engage in during the pre-Civil War (and after)? Who were "Frank" Johnson, William Henry Lane ("Boz's Juba"), and Elizabeth Greenfield ("The Black Swan"), and what sortsof music did each make?
10. How did attitudes toward slaves and the sheer numbers of slaves affect attitudes toward the education of slaves, their conversion to Christianity, and music making?
11. What sorts of observations of black music making in the South were made by whites, and what can we learn from them?
12. What sorts of activities, dancing, and musical instruments did Benjamin Latrobe observe in Congo Square? (and what and where was Congo Square?)

The Music of Black Worship

13. What were spirituals, and how do those works reflect both Christian beliefs and the experience of slavery?
14. What was the Ring Shout, and how did it differ from simple dance?
15. Know the music example "Jubilee" (LG 4.3). What are its primary sounding traits? How does this piece reflect African music making?

To supplement your textbook reading, make sure that you read the following primary documents in To Stretch Our Ears:

• # 16 - The Gospel Labors of Richard Allen